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Yellowstone National Park
Yellowstone National Park has five entrances: Gardiner, Mont. (north); West Yellowstone, Mont. (west); Jackson, via Grand Teton National Park (about 60 miles south); Cody (about 53 miles east); and Cooke City, Mont. (northeast). The area was established in 1872 as the world's first national park. Yellowstone was named from the Minnetaree Indian phrase mi tsi a-da-zi (Yellow Rock River).
The approach to Cooke City from Red Lodge, Mont., via the Beartooth Scenic Highway (US 212), negotiates Beartooth Pass at an elevation of almost 11,000 feet. From Cody the approach to Sylvan Pass follows US 14/16/20 through the carved red walls of Wapiti Valley. The road between Canyon and Tower-Roosevelt runs along Mount Washburn and passes Tower Fall, where the spectacles of the gorge, the falls on Tower Creek and the palisades of rock high above the Yellowstone River can be viewed. Although most of the park's 3,472 square miles lie in northwestern Wyoming, they also extend into Montana and Idaho. The central portion of the park is essentially a broad, elevated volcanic plateau that lies between 6,500 and 8,500 feet above sea level. On the south, east, north and northwest are mountain ranges with peaks and ridges rising between 2,000 and 4,000 feet above the enclosed tableland.
The most outstanding of Yellowstone's natural phenomena are the thousands of displays that compose the world's largest thermal basins. Bursts of scalding water spurt high into the air from some of these, while others bubble and spit in murky depths. Multihued pools born from steaming springs tint the land's surface. Algae and bacteria color the formations in areas of thermal activity, while not far away vigorous steam vents emit uncanny sounds. Note: Visitors should keep a close watch over children while in the thermal areas of the park, and be sure to stay on established boardwalks. Yellowstone National Park is one of the most successful wildlife sanctuaries in the world. Grizzly and black bears can be seen occasionally in the back country and sometimes from park roadways. The park also has several thousand elk; many mule deer, pronghorn antelopes and moose; bands of bighorn sheep; and about 2,200 bison. These animals are visible along park roadways and trails in the more remote areas.
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